PATHOSCHEMA® Immersive Experience (PIE) | Liver Function Tests (LFTs) ⛶ Expand Experience Hepatocyte AST / ALT Biliary Duct ALP / GGT The Chemical Plant AST/ALT inside cells. ALP/GGT line the ducts. 1. Hepatocellular Injury 2. Cholestatic Injury 3. Synthetic Failure Necrosis / Apoptosis Massive AST & ALT release into Serum Obstruction Biliary pressure induces ALP synthesis Fibrosis / Cirrhosis Failure of Factory Output ↓ Albumin Synthesis ↓ Clotting Factors (↑ PT) Scleral Icterus / Jaundice Hepatic Encephalopathy Right Upper Quadrant Pain Ascites (Portal HTN / Low Albumin) Asterixis (Hepatic Flap) Bruising (Coagulopathy) 1. Hepatocellular Pattern 2. Cholestatic Pattern 3. Isolated Bilirubinemia 4. Synthetic Failure ALT/AST ALP Bilirubin Hepatocellular Injury Transaminases > 10x upper limit normal. ALT/AST ALP/GGT Bilirubin Cholestatic Injury ALP markedly elevated. GGT confirms liver origin. ALT/AST ALP Bilirubin Isolated Hyperbilirubinemia Pre-hepatic (Hemolysis, Gilbert's syndrome). Normal Albumin PT/INR True "Liver Function" Tests Hypoalbuminemia & Coagulopathy indicate severe failure. I. Stop Hepatotoxins II. Antidotes (NAC) III. Biliary Drainage IV. Autoimmune Rx Alcohol / Drugs Withdraw Offending Agents Stop alcohol, suspected antibiotics, statins, or herbal remedies. NAPQI NAC N-Acetylcysteine (Paracetamol Overdose) Replenishes glutathione to neutralize toxic NAPQI metabolites. ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) Relieves extrahepatic cholestasis by extracting gallstones or stenting strictures. Auto-Ab / T-Cell Immunosuppression (Autoimmune Hepatitis) High-dose corticosteroids induce remission. Clinical Evidence Mastery Question 1 of 10 Score: 0 Loading... 1. Physiology 2. Pathophysiology 3. Symptoms 4. LFT Patterns 5. Management 6. Mastery
